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| c. 495 BC |
| | | Pericles is born in Attica, the son of distinguished parents and the great-nephew of Cleisthenes | |
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| c. 465 BC |
| | | Pericles is one of a radical group in Athens, eager to curb the reactionaries controlling the Areopagus, and hostile to Sparta | |
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| 464 BC |
| | | An earthquake in Sparta leads to an uprising by the helots, who take up a defensive position on Mount Ithome | |
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| 463 BC |
| | | Sparta appeals to its allies for help against the helots, and Athens - against the wishes of Pericles and his group - sends an army | |
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| 462 BC |
| | | With the army away, Pericles introduces full democracy for all Athenian citizens, enabling them to vote and participate in the administration of the state | |
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| c. 462 BC |
| | | Sparta causes offence in Athens by dismissing the Athenian army without using them against the helots | |
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| 461 BC |
| | | Athens makes provocative alliances with two city-states opposed to Sparta | |
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| 461 BC |
| | | Pericles is given the task of constructing Athens' two famous Long Walls, stretching from the city to either side of the harbour at Piraeus | |
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| 460 BC |
| | | Simmering hostilities between the allies of Sparta and Athens develop into endemic conflict among the Greek city states of the Peloponnese | |
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| 457 BC |
| | | Athens completes its famous Long Walls, providing protected access between the city and its harbour, at Piraeus | |
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